Spinal Surgery

The goal of spinal surgery is to undertake surgery to address any potential structural irregularities. More and more people throughout the world are suffering from back ailments, and more especially, spinal injuries. The issue is primarily brought on by ageing, accidents, overexertion, and poor posture in daily life. Vertebral structures can be moved, fixed, and replaced if necessary during spine surgery. Back surgery is an option to take into account when conservative treatments have failed, the pain is persistent, and it interferes with leading a normal life. Spine surgery is used to treat a variety of spinal conditions such as degenerative disc disease, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, spinal fractures, tumours, infections, and spinal deformities. The primary goals of spine surgery are to relieve pain, improve mobility, correct deformities, and protect the spine or spinal cord from further damage. The discomfort and/or numbness brought on by this pain, which frequently extends to other parts of the back, arms, and legs, are treated with back surgery.

Typically, the compression of a nerve within the back or spinal column is what causes discomfort. Numerous factors can cause nerve compression.

Advancement in field

Technology has advanced so quickly in recent years, but this has also opened up new doors for fascinating research and opportunities that have the potential to significantly advance the field of spine surgery. In order to improve patient adherence to postoperative rehabilitation and prescription regimes that can lead to better surgical outcomes, mobile devices and applications have seen a considerable increase in use. In accordance with the rising popularity of targeted therapy, the manufacturing of spine surgical implants using 3D printing may enable the creation of templates and guidance that are unique to each patient. New robotic systems designed for spinal treatments may improve surgical precision. The development of surgical instruments, optics, and methods has improved intra operative surgical techniques used during spinal surgeries. One such method that can allow for minimally invasive decompression and possibly increase patient safety is endoscopic surgery. A promising method of achieving conscious sedation is through the use of advanced anaesthetic protocols during lumbar fusion procedures without the use of general endotracheal anaesthesia. This could lead to better patient outcomes and fewer early postoperative complications. Other developments in surgical tools and drugs may reduce intra operative blood loss and boost fusion rates, respectively.

Future scope

The current emphasis in spine surgery is to improve the global outcomes of the patient while reducing the incidence of preoperative morbidity. The aims of modern spine surgery

are to minimise the tissue trauma while achieving adequate decompression, proper stabilisation and fusion, and provide a good functional outcome. The advent of minimal invasive spine surgery has provided a new direction in the treatment of various complicated spinal pathologies, for example, degenerative lumbar spine disease. Minimal invasive transformational lumbar inter-body fusion has been shown to preserve the structural integrity and stability of the spine, and allow at the same time decompression of the compromised neural tissue. However, an adequate learning curve is important in order to replicate the comparable results and to minimise the complications. MIS in the treatment of lumbar spine degenerative disease represents a good alternative as compared to the conventional open surgery